This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Social Psychology, Social Philosophy, as well as Language and Literary Studies.

The first part of the Journal focuses on Social Psychology. Using ECWA Ibadan District Church Council Members, Oyo State, Nigeria as a case study, one of the papers in this section empirically extols the values of christian parenting style. It is argued that non-compliance with the parenting principles by many parents has resulted into children’s lack of commitment to society’s values. Some social vices were identified as problems resulting from this non-compliance. The paper recommends, amongst others, that church members should develop informed teaching on parenting to serve as basis for instructing Christians generally, seminars and workshops should be organized for parents on the need to bring this to bear on their children, and parents must not commit the entire responsibility of parenting into the hands of the church, the school or any house help.

One of the papers, in the second section on Social Philosophy, argues that moral education as a means of regenerating social norms and moral values.  It is revealed in the paper, among other things, that moral values which are seen as behavioural conduct and attitude, should be displayed and encouraged by members of the society to build and revitalized the nation.  It is there recommended moral education should be taught in schools, with the collaboration of parents and government.

Papers in the last section deals with issues in Language and Literary Studies. One the papers in this Section examines the role of French Language in facilitating trade in boader town markets in West African countries. This is because there is an intriguing complex relationship between language, trade, and cross-border connections. The paper, therefore, offers insightful information to policymakers, market participants, and language planners who aim to encourage inclusive economic development and cross-cultural understanding.

On the whole, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles which can be of great benefit to every reader.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Enterprenurship Studies, Social Psychology, Religious Studies as well as Language and Literary.

The first part of the Journal focuses on Development Administration. One of the papers in this section explores the relationship between economic performance and transport investments. It is argued that the level of economic performance determines the usage of transport in Africa and Nigeria in particular. Findings in the study align with existing research in the field of transportation economics, emphasizing the persistent role of historical passenger travel patterns and the nuanced impact of economic factors, such as GDP and inflation, on railway passenger travel. These consistent findings underscore the need for comprehensive, long-term planning and investment strategies in the rail transportation sector, taking into account a range of factors beyond just economic conditions.

One of the papers, in the second section on Enterprenuship Studies, argues that Government policies and a supportive ecosystem have a positive impact on innovation and performance while Sectoral variations necessitate tailored strategies. The study therefore, recommends strategic resource allocation, adoption of context-specific metrics, collaboration with government initiatives, and sector-specific focus to enhance startup success. These recommendations, according to the research work, are instrumental for startups, policymakers, and stakeholders in the Nigerian entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Papers in section three explore issues in Social Psychology. Examining whether appearance of consumer products creates a particular impression that compels a consumer to make his choice of a product leading to sales, one of the papers in this section postulates that in spite of new technologies and materials, consumer's choices and desires constitute the most important elements that drive the marketing process. Therefore, the ceramic designer must put the customer in the fore front not himself when it comes to product appearance. The designer must also look into brand personality, the five (5) brand personality dimensions, deliberate feedback etc. as added issues to the six roles of product packaging to compel the psychology of consumers’’ choice and sales. Thus, the postmodernist philosophy of self-projection in our productive endeavours at the expense of consumer choice must be discouraged at this stage of development of ceramic if wares will compel their commercial values and retain customers’ loyalty beyond the five life cycle of a product.

Using the encounter between King Herod and John the Baptist as narrated in Matthew 14:1-5, one of the reseach works, in Section Four which centers on Religiuos Studies, interrogates the texts to identify how religious leaders can play the function of the conscience of the society in ensuring that morality prevails in the society. Using the textual critical method of study, the hermeneutics contained in the text were identified and contextualized to the current Nigerian environment. The work identified seven distinct areas in which religious leaders in Nigeria can make their impact felt in becoming the conscience of the society. It is the contention of this work that religious leaders are most appropriately poised to lead the crusade against moral degradation in the Nigerian society.

Papers in the last section deals with issues in Language and Literary Studies. One the papers in this Section examines Idioms in both Youruba and French Languages. This is because Yoruba and French languages are so rich in the use of idiomatic expressions which lend themselves easily in the hands of those who know the two languages, through limitless improvisation of idiomatic expressions. In friendly, family and societal conversations, idiomatic expressions occupy a unique place. Their importance cannot be over emphasized as they add beauty to the speeches that employ them and provide knowledge and wisdom for better and clear understanding of the messages being projected. This paper therefore, examines idiomatic expressions in both languages at different fora.

On the whole, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles which can be of great benefit to every reader.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Literary Studies, Educational Management and Social Psychology.

The first part of the Journal focues on Development Administration. One of the papers in this section reveals the contemporary issue of revenue allocation and identified challenges which embedded as outlining prospects for it. It is uncovered that in a bid strategies to resolve the controversial issues surrounding the contentious revenue allocation in Nigeria, a high level of fiscal decentralization is require replacing the unfair revenue sharing formula currently on operations. This paper, therefore, recommends that revenue formulae for revenue sharing should be guided by national interest, which should take precedence over individual or primordial attention and reactions.

One of the papers, in the second section on Literary Studies, is a reaction to the brazen exploitation of petroleum resources in the Niger Delta without compensation and environmental impact assessment by the Nigerian government and the international oil companies. Three representative poems are selected from different collections of the two poets. They are analysed using Systemic Functional Grammar as theoretical framework. The systemic functional analysis of the Nominal Group brings out the eco-critical features of the poems.

Papers in section three explore issues in Educational Management. Examining the perception of school counselors on family therapy as a panacea to the phenomenon of empty nest syndrome in Southwest Nigeria, it is postulated in one of the papers that school counselors are experts in using different approaches and therapies in handling various challenges that humans are facing in their daily livelihood. Hence, their inability to unanimously agree in their choice of family therapy as an antidote to empty nest syndrome. It is, however, recommended that the use of family therapy and other approaches and therapies may be appropriate in handling empty-nest syndrome.

Papers in the last section deals with issues in Social Psychology. While advocating that culture and parents' socioeconomic status strongly influence students' career choices, one of the papers in this section, recommends that school leaders should teach students about social factors that may influence their career choice. Also, parents are admonished to stop pushing their kids into careers they don't fit into but they should rather work with school advising or professional guides to help their children choose smart careers. Moreso, guardians should be cautious about pushing their children toward unrealistic careers.

On the whole, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles which can be of great benefit to every reader.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Educational Psychology, Literary Studies, Religious Studies and Legal Studies.

The first part of the Journal focues on Development Administration. One of the papers in this section reveals that that there are both natural and human causes of environmental degradation eventhough human causes are more than the natural. It is uncovered that humans have continued to exploit nature through the irresponsible use of natural resources. This paper, therefore, concludes that environmental degradation problems in Nigeria can be effectively address through Christian stewardship, eco-justice and creation spirituality, which are the emerging environmental ethical ideologies in contemporary Christianity and other Christian ecological values inherent in the bible. Nigerian Christians must become ambassadors of these environmental ethical principles for effective ecological healing in the country.

Papers in section two explore issues in Educational Psychology. It is postulated in one of the papers that there is a negative or inverse   relationship between academic performance and stress, anxiety and depression, meaning that the higher the students’ level of stress, anxiety, and depression, the lower the academic performance. It is, therefore, recommended that school counsellors and psychologists should be encouraged to address the issues of stress, anxiety and depression especially among hundred level students so as to enhance their adjustment and academic performance.

One of the papers, in the third section is on Language and Literary Studies, demonstrates that the spoken aspect of a language is very vital in the learning of a foreign language. The paper lays emphases on effective oral communication amongst students in a bilingual environment and in the same vein recommends some pedagogical techniques in enhancing and promoting effective oral communication in French.

Papers in section four deals with issues in Religious Studies. While advocating socio-economic and religious restructuring of Nigeria based on the principle of maslaha al-mursalaha, one of the papers in this section, recommends that 1999 Constitution should be amended to accommodate laws that will address issues on resource control and restructuring. The paper further recommends that states should be allowed to take 80% of the resources found in their respective states or regions while 20% of the resources should be allocated to the Federal Government.  And the Federal Government of Nigeria should also promote justice, fairness and equity (which Islam preaches) among the federating units and continue to wage ‘war’ against corruption, insurgency, militancy, kidnapping and other crimes (which Islam forbids) that are threatening the cooperate existence of Nigeria.

In the last section which centres on Legal Studies, one of the papers concludes and recommends that embracing non-custodial sentencing will reduce prison reception and minimize the enormous government resources in maintaining the prison infrastructure and the prisoners in Nigeria. In this regard, the paper suggests that there is need for a redress of the challenges mitigating the smooth application of non-custodian sentences in Nigeria's criminal Justice System.

On the whole, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles which can be of great benefit to every reader.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Literary Studies, Creative Arts, Religious Studies and Social Philosophy.

The first part of the Journal focues on Language and Literary Studies. One of the papers in this section reveals that Traditional and Alternative Medicine (TAM) providers employ various pragmatic strategies to project themselves and their services to their audience on Facebook. Specifically, this study identifies that legitimisation, cultural contextuality and identity construction are strategies engaged by these TAM providers to project knowledge, give credence, and dissuade scepticism surrounding traditional and alternative medicine in Nigeria.

Papers in section two explore issues in Creative Arts. It is postulated in one of the papers that apart from the fact that music is an ubiquitous phenomenon which covers every aspect of lives of the African people, popular music, being an integral part of popular culture of a society, has been used as an impactful medium through which women’s subjugation in different West African societies have been subverted to an extent. This is because of its high rate of patronage and ability to reach larger number of audience through the mass media. The paper therefore recommends that government through the Federal Ministry for Women’s Affairs and other corporate organizations for women’s liberation should partner with popular musicians in creating awareness and promoting the campaign against women’s subrogation the West African society.

One of the papers, in the third section is on Religious Studies, demonstrates that Paul’s purposes in writing to the Philippians was to console and commend them and these consolation and commendation purposes are crucial to a proper understanding of the meaning and structure of the letter in relations to giving. It shows that tithing is a legalistic, Old Testament standard, it should be retained as the biblical foundational and traditional basis for giving. The study shows that outside its spiritual rewards, giving generously enhances human mental health and longevity through the reduction of blood pressure and stress.

In the last section which centres on Social Psychology, one of the papers reveals that there were innovative socio-cultural behaviours such as the drinking of herbal drinks to boost immunity, and the use of local made face mask from local fabrics. The study concludes that some socio-cultural behaviours of the people in rural communities tends to prevent the spread of Covid-19 and that such ingenious innovative actions of the rural communities in times of pandemic should be encouraged and integrated into the national health system

In all, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles which can be of great benefit to every reader.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Educational Philosophy as well as Literary Studies.

The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Development Administration such as Fiscal Federalism, Road Infrastructural Development, Economic Development, and Revenue Generation among others. One of the papers in this section reveals that Nigeria’s federalism seems not to have addressed the issues that have emanated from the agitators of the national question because there is over centralization of the fiscal policies. It is therefore, recommended that Nigeria’s fiscal system be reformed to meet up with challenges brought about by the imbalance in the provision of developmental projects to the different sectors of the economy which has led to the disharmonious agitations from the various regions of the country consequent from dissatisfaction with fiscal federalism.

Papers in section two explore issues in Educational Psychology. It is postulated in one of the papers that there is a significant influence of interest of students on their career choices. However, there is no significant influence of motivation of students on their career choices. Gender neither influence students’ motivation nor interest in the choices of their career. The paper recommends that students should endeavour to discover their real interest in order to choose careers that will suit them; they should be exposed to a number of trainings to sharpen their ICT skills to cope with the prevailing job performance challenges associated with our present age – the post covid-19 era.

The last section centres on Literary Studies. Literary devices in the works of some selected poets from East and West Africa are examined. Also, a lexico-thematic analysis of selected speeches of former Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan is made. Based on the result of its findings, one of the papers in this section discovers that Goodluck Jonathan’s speeches reiterated five main thematic preoccupations which centered on ‘peace’, ‘faith’, ‘progress’, ‘patriotism’, and ‘transparency’, and these themes were skillfully wielded through a careful selection of synonymous lexical relations to project and emphasize the consistent messages in the sampled speeches.

In all, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles which can be of great benefit to every reader.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Social Philosophy as well as Communication and Literary Studies.

The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Development Administration such as Fiscal Federalism, Road Infrastructural Development, Economic Development, Tourism, Social Corporate Responsibility and so on. One of the papers in this section reveals that fiscal federalism has not led to the improvement of road infrastructure in Nigeria and with improved fiscal federalism, Nigeria will experience infrastructural development. It is therefore, recommended that Nigeria should adapt fiscal federalism practice in the United States in which other federating units would not need to depend on the federal level for their infrastructure development. All Federating units should begin to develop innovative ways of improving internally generated revenue so as to improve provision of infrastructure within their domain.

Section two explores issues in Communication and Literary Studies such as Markrting Communication Strategies, Cohesive Devices in Religious Discourse, among others. Based on the result of the findings of its empiral Studies, one of the papers in this section recommends that private universities should mix their marketing tools strategically so they can effectively communicate the unique values they offer through their services.

Papers in the last section are on Social Philosophy. It is postulated in one of the papers that the present inordinate desperation of the youths to get-rich-quick is influenced by unemployment, online and Nollywood videos, peer influence, poor parenting and change in societal value system, economic deprivation and inequality in wealth distribution characterized by marginalization, limited opportunities and social exclusion of these youths perpetrating the criminal acts. The paper recommends that society should exhibit zero tolerance to the get-rich-quick syndrome of these youths. The federal and States governments should create job opportunities for the youths. The youths should also be encouraged to engage in entrepreneurial skills acquisition ventures that will provide them with means of earning income and wealth generation.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Creative Writing as well as Peace and Conflict Studies.

The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Development Administration such as Anti Corruption Policies, Globalization, Envronmental Policies, Fiscal Federalism, International Economic Relations, Deregulation of Educational Services and so on. One of the papers in this section reveals that government environmental policies in the study area in the last fifteen years have not been adequately implemented. It is therefore, recommended that the Federal Government should review government environmental policies in the study areas. The study also recommended the setting up of a new dedicated and centralized agency for effective flood risk management in Nigeria.

Section two explores issues in Peace and Conflict Studies such as Terrorism, Violent Protests, Military Coup Detat, Gender-Based Violence at Work Place and Minor Infractions of Tax Laws. Based on the result of the findings of its empiral Studies, one of the papers in this section recommends that both government and employers of labour should eliminate all forms of violence against women through reactivation of gender and equal opportunities bills and labour laws in Nigeria.

Papers in the last section are on Creative Writings. It is postulated in one of the papers that flaming devices have the tendency to infuriate the target(s) of the speech, and elicit negative reactions. The paper recommends that since the world has become a global village, discourses of prominent persons should be devoid of devices that have the propensity to infuriate the hearers and stimulate negative feelings and reactions. Another paper in this section also argues that there is monotony in their writing style and monotonous writing is ineffective writing style. The paper concludes by recommending possible solutions to effective and elegant writing for effective communication and enhanced performance in English.

On the whole, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles which can be of great benefit to every reader.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Educational Psychology, Social Psychology as well as Peace and Conflict Studies.

The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Development Administration such as Fiscal Federalism, Preventive Health Care System, Deregulation of Educational Services and so on. One of the papers in this section argues that the issues and fundamentals of federalism in both constitutional and political theories should be approached from the developmental perspective and through this, it is hoped, federalism will restore its vitality where it has been battered and its direction where the focus appears uncertain, unclear and muddled-up.

Section two explores issues in Educational Psychology such as Teachers’ Motivation, Learners’ Attitudes and Pragmatism. Examining the counselling for teachers’ motivation on academic performance of secondary school students in Abeokuta South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria, one of the papers in this section reveals a significant relationship between teachers’ motivation and students’ academic performance. It also shows a significant relationship between strategies used to motivate teachers and students’ academic performance. Finally, the paper  reveals a significant relationship between condition of service of teachers and academic performance and finally recommends that Government should ensure regular payment of teachers’ salaries and prompt promotion as at when due.

In the Section on Social Psychology, one of the papers argues that the perception of job seekers will significantly affect the use of social network strategy amongst other advantages or outcomes. The study therefore, recommends the creating of awareness on the usefulness of social network in job search in a bid to reduce the negative perception of the populace on its effectiveness as a viable option for job search in Nigeria.

Papers in the last section are on Peace and Conflict Studies. It is postulated in one of the papers that concludes that there is no moral justification for terrorism, it is unethical because it is evil, it is a serious, heinous and nefarious crime, hence, we should all rise up for its utter condemnation. Another paper in this section also examines some war techniques that were demonstrated by the Boko Haram militants have beensubstantiated which were entirely new to the knowledge of the Nigerian military. The research paper at the end discusses way out to handle such problems in future by suggesting the total review of the military institution in terms of training, operation, discipline, professionalism, improvement in intelligence gathering and possession of modern warfare technology.

On the whole, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles which can be of great benefit to every reader.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration and Literary Studies.

The first paper in this edition employs a doctrinal and empirical non-doctrinal method in investigating how technological facilities have impacted the smooth operation of the legal profession in Nigeria during the Covid-19. An online questionnaire survey was sent to 313 respondents (randomly selected) who live in Nigeria. Descriptive and analytical methods were used in analysing the data obtained. The study found that the occurrence of the covid-19 in Nigeria has led to the use of technological facilities, which has further impacted significantly in the operation of the legal profession. However, there are several challenges in using technological facilities. The study therefore recommends and concludes that there is a need to legally intensify and embrace the use of technological facilities in the operation of the legal profession.

Another paper this issue also explores an indigenous approach that can be applied in the educational sector for full effect without incurring the wrath of politics of suspicion. Through the method of philosophic analysis, this research foregrounds that the philosophy of Harambeeism has the capacity to inform a positive leaning for national unity in Nigeria.

On the whole, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles which can be of great benefit to every reader.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration and Social Psychology.

The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Development Administration such as Local Government Administration, Religious Politics, Police Reforms and Costitutional Design. Using Nigerian Police Service Reform as a Case Study, one of the papers in this section argues, among other things, that the poor performance of Nigeria Police is more of an orientational, than structural, problem.  It, therefore, concludes that the right change in the orientation and approach of the police, the government, and other stakeholders to police reforms will make the police function expectedly.  So, it is recommended that the process of change of orientation, approach, and, maybe, structure of the police should be designed to be a collective effort of all the stakeholders.

The second section which centers on Social Psychology, examines various psychology factors which have impacts on the society, and these include sexual education, psychopathy among criminals and non criminals, use of social media and organizational reward system. One of these papers reveals that among others that teachers and parents have a good attitude about sexuality education as a subject in Nigerian secondary schools. Based on the findings, the paper recommends that sexuality education should be introduced in schools early enough. Since both parents and teachers are understandably disposed to sexuality education, public enlightenment should be carried out to improve on public attitude towards sexuality education.

In all, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles which can be of great benefit to every reader.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Social Psychology, Educational Psychology and Communication Studies.

The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Development Administration such as waste management, accountability and transparency, rural development, poverty alleviation, sustainable development goals, anti corruption efforts, rail revolution, nation building, and globalization. One of the papers in this section argues that education has a role in improving the lives of women with attendant benefit to empower and promote gender parity in society. It is therefore suggested that since gender parity is important and the role of women central to socio-economic development, government should enact a policy to ensure quality education become a major block of empowering women at every local government area in Nigeria.

The second section which centers on Social Psychology, examines various psychology factors which have impacts on the society, and these include sexual morality among adolescents, parenting styles, career management, youth empowerment, job insecurity; trans-border crimes, mental disorder and corporal punishment. One of these papers reveals that human trafficking has a negative effect on socio economic growth in Nigeria. The paper recommends that government should look into factors necessitating trans-border crimes and take legal actions against offenders.

The third section which centers on Educational Psychology highlights various social innovations which have impacts on teaching and learning activities in the society.  One of these papers reveals that the motivation of students that were exposed to m-learning differs from the motivation of students that were not exposed to m-learning. It therefore suggests that m-learning should be integrated into the teaching and learning activities of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. In addition, students and lecturers at the higher level of education should be encouraged to possess m-learning devices and utilize m-learning for teaching and learning exercise. It was likewise recommended that lecturers should collaborate with computer programme designers to design m-learning based virtual classrooms. 

In the last section, communications skills in both religious and literary world are examined. It is revealed in one of the papers that Writers of Christian religious tracts in the Nigeria rely on emotional appeals, logical proofs and ethics as means of maintaining interpersonal relation with their readers. Also, they assume the position of divine authority and/or of better informed persons to counsel their readers. This conclusion was drawn after the researcher had critically examined the linguistic strategies and the discourse functions of appeal in eleven Christian religious tracts purposively selected from forty tracts collected from about fifteen churches and ministries in Ondo State, South-western Nigeria.

In all, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles which can be of great benefit to every reader.

This edition of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Social Philosophy, Social Psychology as well as Teaching and Learning.

The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Development Administration such as rural development, poverty alleviation, sustainable development goals, public service delivery, , nation building, domestic and foreign direct investment and so on. One of the papers in this section argues that education is a veritable avenue to remove ignorance, increase level of income etc. It is therefore suggested that Transformation Approach and Improvement Approach may be adopted to bring rural and urban areas at par: Transformation Approach puts emphasis on the development of socio-economic factors available in order to experience a sustained growth and marked increase in the level of inputs that is complementary to labour and work done in the rural areas to increase income and financial independence. All these put together form the structure upon which the healthcare delivery is anchored in any society and the determinants of its infrastructure and the extent of patronage. Therefore, according to the paper, for quality rural health, all these are to be in place with adequate budget allocation.

In the second section which centers on Social Philosophy, various issues in the society and their underlining philosophies were examined. Some of the social issues include social relevance, moral decadence, ethical consideration, culture and religion. One of these papers reveals that Philosophy has played and will continue to play vital roles in the development of our society. In order to achieve its intended objective therefore, the paper discusses meaning and definition of Philosophy, branches of Philosophy, “the ten commandments†of Philosophy. The paper concludes that Philosophy contributes meaningfully to the growth of any society.

The third section which centers on Social Psychology examines various psychology factors which have impacts on the society, and these include trauma, teenage sexting, suicide ethos, satisfaction etc. One of these papers reveals that nightmares, mental breakdown, helplessness, lack of trust, and self-effacement can be read as symptoms of repressed childhood traumatic experiences. It concurs with Cvetkovich and Blooms’ assertion that trauma can be an external built-up of unpleasant events that affect the victim's psychological state which in turn affects the individual’s external actions in life.  

In the last section, the importance of teaching and learning skills on students’ achievements are examined. It is revealed in one of the papers that teachers’ acquired skills and attitude competencies from Business Education programme were lower than secondary school required skills and attitude competencies. This is because, according to the paper, the contents of Business Education programme do not provide students with adequate skill and attitude competencies for them to perform at the level expected of them after graduation. The paper, therefore, recommends that the curriculum of Business Education programme should be reviewed and restructured so as to enable the graduates respond to social goals, economic realities and future life challenges.

This edition of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Social Psychology and Literary Studies.

The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Development Aministration such as social security and national development, public service delivery, global pandemic and development, administrative law, foreign direct investment and so on. One of the papers in this section argues that social security scheme in Nigeria is falling short as a response to the needs of the poor and suggests, among others, the need to develop an overarching social security scheme to provide clear institutional roles and responsibilities, lay out series of options for social security in the country. This, according to the paper, is based on the fact that strong institutions are needed as back bone for whatever policy the government is considering to implement.  

In the second section which centers on Social Psychology, various social factors which have impacts on the society, which may include drug abuse, feeding habit, ethical consideration etc. are examined. One of these papers reveals that there is a great relationship between Substance Abuse and Suicidal Ideation among Youths in Kaduna North, Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended among others; that there should be measures in place to curb this menace due to its adverse effects on our youths and by implication the nation at large. Another paper also examines the concept of epistemic claim to knowledge and the tripartite criteria arising from Plato’s attempt to justify the claim to knowledge in epistemology. The researcher is of the opinion that there are no absolute criteria that are holistic enough to address the question of epistemic justification and this is why there have been several epistemological criteria in the contemporary epistemology as additional formulations to strengthen the criteria of evaluation of statement claims, beliefs and truth in epistemology. The paper concludes that it is for this reason that such epistemic theories like contextualism, pragmatism, foundationalism, coherentism et.al have emerged as an additional force for strengthening the question and the problem of epistemic justification. 

In the last section, literary works of Tunde Kelani, Ifeoma Okoye and others are x-rayed. Also, one paper in this section examines two Niger Delta plays namely: Peter Omoko’s Crude Nightmen (2015) and Stephen Kekeghe’s Pond of Leeches (2015). It is revealed that the playwrights are unequivocal in holding indigenous leaders and citizens complicit for the systemic impoverishment of the region as a result of placing personal interests over communal progress. However, they also balance their narratives by creating parallel sets of local characters who deploy intellectual and radical forms of agency towards the liberation of their oppressed people and despoiled environment from the machinations of the enemy within.

In all, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles. Each of them seeks to profer solutions to one social and management problem or the other. Therefore, there is something to learn by every reader of this issue.

This edition of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Social Psychology, Religious Studies, Communication Arts and Literary Studies, as well as Educational Management and Educational Technology.

The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Development Aministration such as internal security and national development, public service delivery, global pandemic and development, crisis of nation building, globalization, foreign direct investment and so on. It is revealed in one of the papers that bureaucracy in Africa should help manage the resources of the state in a manner that much money is conserved for developmental purposes. Ironically, the civil bureaucracies have become huge drain on the scarce resources of the State through a number of avenues; some are official while others illicit. Thus, bureaucracies can be modified to accommodate the influx of change in ideas, culture and values, and adapt to new situations or changing circumstances. It therefore suggests that it is important to reform it to conform to the realities of the 21st century, and until the African bureaucracy is transformed to be people-oriented, transparent and accountable to the people; cost of governance in Africa will remain an obstacle to Africa’s development.

In the second section which centers on Social Psychology, various social factors which have impacts upon students, which may include parental attitude, nutritional practices, teachers’ attitudes, emotional intellegence, study habit, peer groups, emotional sentiments, and mental hygiene etc. are examined. One of these papers reveals that there is no significant difference between parental attitudes towards the teaching of sex education, majority of the respondents supported the teaching sex education in secondary schools, parents attitude changes based on their marital status, parent in urban and rural areas do not have similar attitude towards the teaching of sex education. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended among others; that teaching of sex education should be encouraged in all secondary schools. In addition, parents in urban and rural areas should be educated to develop positive attitude towards the teaching as well as educating the children at home on the subject matter. 

In Section Three, literary works of Chukwuemeka Ike, Festus Iyayi and Ojaide Agbogidi are x-rayed. Also, one paper in this section investigates how Boko Haram identity is constructed in Abubakar Shekau’s speeches from a socio-pragmatic approach in a bid to revealing the sect’s identity orientations and ideology. It is revealed that the sect’s identity orientations when perceived from the way they see themselves provide a socio-pragmatic approach to ‘war on terror’ in curbing terrorist activities in Nigeria.

In part four, some importance issues in Religious Studies are examined. One of the papers explains the phenomena of the involvement of ‘men of God’ in all sorts of crime make headlines in local and international newspapers and magazines. It concludes that if all criminal offences are punished as at when due, and irrespective of status, a growing culture of crime generally in the country and particularly among the clerics would stop.

Sections Five and Six examine salient issues in Educational Management and Educational Technology. Some of these include first aid services in schools, Curriculum development, Quality Assurance and influence of ICT maturity on teaching and learning. Relying on findings from a descriptive survey, it is disclosed in one of the papers that ICT maturity is poor and cannot drive correctional education service delivery efficiently in Nigerian correctional facilities as most inmates do not have access to it. It is, therefore, recommended that ICT infrastructure should be provided to re-position education service delivery in Nigerian correctional system by the Federal government of Nigeria.

In all, this issue of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles. Each of them seeks to profer solutions to one social and management problem or the other. Therefore, there is something to learn by every reader of this issue.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Studies, Social Psychology, Religious Studies, Language and Literary Studies, as well as Entrepreneurship and Agricultural Economics.

The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Development Studies such as internal security and national development, public service delivery, global pandemic and development, crisi of nation building, globalization, imperialism and so on. It is revealed in one of the papers that the emergency of the virus in some towns and cities in Nigeria calls for serious attention. The paper therefore, recommends among others, the isolation or restriction of movement of suspected cases within the facility, banning of visits to detention facilities, decongestion of correctional facilities and setting up of disease prevention and control units in correctional or detention facilities across the country in order to stem the spread of the virus to correctional facilities.

In the second section which centers on Social and Educational Psychology, various factors which have impacts upon students, which may include emotional intellegence, study habit, peer groups, emotional sentiments, and mental hygiene etc. are examined. One of these papers reveals that that Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) had no effects difference on participants’ psychological trauma symptoms across age group. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended among others; that there is need for more psychological studies to be conducted amongst children at internally displaced camps so that both young and old would have gone through the therapy. In addition, future studies should be done for children in the Internally Displaced Persons’ camps for the purpose of comparing between children, adolescents and old that have gone through the therapy.

In Section Three, literary works of Ola Rotimi, Sam Ukala, Usimi Taiwo, as well as Mongo Béti and Ahmadou Kourouma are x-rayed. Also, language and tenor of President Muhammadu Buhari’s Speech on covid-19 pandemic to the general populace in Nigeria are examined in one of the papers. It is revealed that the President used declarative sentences as a way of giving information to the audience and also for creating a natural conversational phenomenon between the president and the listeners so that the general populace could understand the intended message(s). The study concludes that examining nationwide broadcast given during this pandemic through the language use, metadiscourse elements, and tenor of discourse aid comprehension of the intended message being passed across to the audience.

In part four, some importance issues in Religious Studies are examined. One of the papers highlights the Islamic perspectives of what is called child spacing or control. The paper rejects the idea of child spacing or birth control based on western model and argues in favour of child spacing from the Islamic point of view based on ‘azl’ and the Islamic model of child rearing and weaning as supported by relevant Qur’anic verses.

Section Five examines salient issues in Entrepreneurship and Agricultural Economics. Some of these include agricultural credit loans, teaching business education and food technology. It is disclosed in one of the papers there is a positive but insignificant relationship between intangible assets and profitability of Nigeria’s deposit money banks. Therefore, organisations should invest significantly in intangible assets in order to boost profitability.

In all, this edition of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles. Each of them seeks to profer solutions to one social and management problem or the other. Therefore, there is something to learn by every reader of this issue.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Religious Studies, Literary Studies, Peace and Conflict Studies, Social Psychology and Educational Psychology.

The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Development Administration such as rightsizing, restructuring, public service ethics, tax administration, anti corruption programmes and so on. It is revealed in one of the papers that that the print media was instrumental to anti-corruption programmes during the period of the study (1999-2019). The paper recommended that the print media should engage more in investigative journalism, develop the political-will to fight corruption, and proprietors should desist from unduly influencing journalists while performing official duties to enable the print media contribute better towards the implementation of anti-corruption programmes in Nigeria.

In part two, the importance of Religious Studies is emphasized. One of the papers focuses on the extent to which contemporary Yoruba Muslims comply with regulations on the practice of widowhood in the face of cultural interference. This is because, according to the paper, Islam also has a comprehensive rule regulating the practice of widowhood for Muslims in such a way Muslim women are guaranteed right to cleanliness, freedom and decency during this period.

In Section Three, literary works of Ngugi wa Thiong’o, Niyi Osundare, Kourouma and Mikhail Bulgakov are x-rayed. One of the papers centres on the socio-economic realities and leadership styles of African rulers, which portrays the disregard of fellow Africans. It reveals the disappointment and agony of the teeming mass of the continent in the post-colonial and modern periods.

Section Four looks into the problem of insurgency in North Eastern Nigeria with a view to profering solutions to it. One of the papers in this section argues that Boko Haram Insurgency has a negative impact on human security, and recommends that counterinsurgency can only be successful when poverty, corruption and bad governance problems are handled effectively.

Section Five examines certain social factors which influence students’ learning skills. Some of these include social economic background, environmental and health needs. It is disclosed in one of the papers that all the social factors are potent in differentiating adolescents’ level of psychological well-being. It is concluded that the home environment should be a strong source of support for developing adolescents’ psychological wellbeing by providing close relationships, strong parenting skills, good communication, and modeling positive behaviour. Therefore, modifications in the home environment should be made more favourable for the enhancement of adolescents’ psychological well-being.

In the last section which centers on Educational Psychology, various factors which have impacts upon students, which may include emotional intellegence, study habit, peer groups, emotional sentiments, and mental hygiene etc. are examined. One of these papers reveals that there is a significant composite influence of study habit and test anxiety on the academic performance of secondary school students in Social Studies. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended among others; that regular counseling services should be introduced to the students in order to train them on study skills strategies which will enable them study harder in Social Studies. In addition, school authorities should work out guidelines as well as develop programmes that will help students to cope with test anxiety in Social Studies.

In all, this edition of KIU Journal of Humanities features many empirical and theoretical based articles. Each of them seeks to profer solutions to one social and management problem or the other. Therefore, there is something to learn by every reader of this issue.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities deals with Development Administration, Social Philosophy, Gender Studies, Literary Studies, Organizational Management and Educational Management.

The first part of the Journal focuses attention on Development Administration. Development Administration is concerned with development practices targeted at stimulating development in the society. It is the process of administering and organizing public agencies in order to stimulate and facilitate defined programs of social, economic progress with a purpose to make change attractive and possible. Papers in this section deal with issues in development administration such as Agenda Setting, Colonianism, the role of Women in Development Policies and so on. One of the papers in this section examines the operations and activities of the social media in enhancing agenda-setting inclusiveness within the context of a diverse and heterogeneous entity and suggests a creative synergy between the two if the country’s democratic experiment would benefit from and maximise the advantages of an all- inclusive governance.

Articles in the second part of this edition center on Social Philosophy. Social philosophy as a branch of philosophy deals with social problems, especially those issues pertaining to social values. A sound social philosophy is the need of the day to tackle many a problem, which faces the society such as inequality, injustice, oppression etc. Against this backdrop, section two looks at some social philosophies such as Russell’s Philosophy of Logical Atomism, the Virtue of Moderation and Environmental Ethics, the Moral Range of Political Duty, Austin’s Speech Acts and Performative Utterances etc. and their effects on the society in order stimulate and guide basic questions on: The nature of the social world, social phenomena and social interaction (social ontology).

Section Three looks into various issues in Gender Studies such as domestic violence, marital stability and sustainability, religion and women identity among others. This is because the discipline of gender studies critically examines how gender shapes our identities, our social interactions and our world. Gender studies allows people to develop a framework for thinking about power relations connected to social constructions of gender, race, class, sexuality, ability, age, and nationality through multiple perspectives and theories. Gender Studies also provides the opportunity to obtain practical tools for promotion of equity across social, political, and economic spheres. Gender Studies is diverse in that it can be applied to several other disciplines of study, like literary theory, drama studies, film studies, religious studies, performance theory, art history, anthropology, sociology, psychology, and political science.

Papers in the fourth section of this edition center on Lierary Studies. Some written works of the imagination which include poetry, drama and narrative fiction were x-rayed in order to covey their wirtters’ message to the society. This is borne out of the fact that every literary work has its underlying message, or 'big idea. In other words, every literary work has a critical belief about life that the author is trying to convey in the writing of a novel, play, short story or poem. This belief, or idea, transcends cultural barriers and it is usually universal in nature.

Section Six x-rays the importance of organizational management. Organizational Management is a fundamental asset to creating an environment that supports continuous improvement of individuals and their organizations to better provide for the communities they serve. Every organization needs a leader with a clear understanding of the issues facing their organization and is prepared to implement them while maintaining operational functions, developing employee skills, and managing human resources. The organizational method allows managers to break down the entire operation of a department into several phases. Dividing operational functions into sections allows management to obtain a clear picture of what the goals of a department are and how to implement the goals most effectively. It also allows managers to respond rapidly to factors that affect the internal or external expectations of company. Based on the its findings, one of the papers in this section suggests among others that participatory and charismatic leadership styles should be encouraged fully in all sectors of the economy so as to boost employees’ commitment.

Papers in the last section of this edition deal with educational Management. Educational management helps in the achievement institutions’ objectives. That is, it ensures schools’ and colleges’ effectiveness. It improves interpersonal communication among members of the school or college. It is against this backdrop that one the papers in this section suggests among others that school administrators should take cognizance of the personality traits of their prospective employees before employing and redeploying them..

On the whole, this edition of KIU Journal of Humanities features many interesting, educative and informative articles which can contribute immensely to the existing knowledge on each topic.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Social Philosophy, Educational Management, Counselling Psychology and Entrepreneurship Studies.

The first part of the Journal focuses attention on Development Administration. Development Administration is about projects, programs, policies and ideas which are focused at development of a nation, with the point of view of socio-economic and socio-political development of society in general, carried out by talented and skilled bureaucrats. Papers in this section deal with issues in development administration such as Local Governance, Grassroot Democracy, Development Policies and so on. It was argued in one of the papers that philosophical education, that is, education that transcends formal, science and technology based education, is necessary for individual and national development. The researcher therefore, recommends that Africans imbibe the Socratic dictum and use it in the act of thinking about themselves and everything that surrounds them as well as in all efforts at developing both the individual and the state that would continue to yield positive results.

Articles in the second part of this edition center on Social Philosophy. Social philosophy is the study of questions about social behavior and interpretations of society and social institutions in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations. It is a branch of philosophy which deals with social problems, especially those issues pertaining to social values. A sound social philosophy is the need of the day to tackle many a problem, which faces the society such as inequality, injustice, oppression and so on. Against this backdrop, section two looks at some social philosophies such as Aesthetics, dualism, Organisational Virtualisation, logical positivism, etc. and their effects on the society.

Section Three x-rays the importance of educational Management. Educational management is the administration of the education system in which a group combines human and material resources to supervise, plan, strategize, and implement structures to execute an education system. It is widely believed that management has four basic functions – planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Common sense dictates that without these principles of management being in place an organization would have trouble achieving its aims, or even coming up with aims in the first place. Based on the its findings, one the papers in this section suggests among others that that teachers should embrace teamwork behaviour, accept the challenges of working purposively, regularly and cooperatively in teams to help students learn meaningfully

Papers in the fourth section of this edition center on Counseling Psychology. This is borne out of the fact that Counseling Psychology can make a profound impact on the lives of individuals, families and communities. It helps people navigate difficult life situations, such as divorce, natural disasters and school stress. It provides the tools and insights to manage mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression. Ultimately, counseling psychology empowers people to lead healthy and fulfilling lives. While the first paper in this section argues that there is a yearning for counsellors in the informal and non-formal setting for education of different youth for national integration, the last revealed that the schools had no professional counselors, and that counseling services though provided were skeletal and not appropriate to the children’s social adjustment needs. It therefore recommends that government should make efforts to ameliorate the situation by ensuring that professional counselors are posted to special schools and are given an enabling environment to offer appropriate counseling services for the social adjustment of children with hearing impairment.

Papers in the last section of this edition deal with Agronomic practices and Entrepreneurial studies such as Honey Production and Performance of Maize in Rural Communities.  One of the papers calls for government intervention in area of training and extension services as a result of challenges to beekeeping in the study area such as inadequate knowledge of other bee products apart from honey, lack of access to modern beekeeping equipment, bush burning and other human interfering activities, the second

On the whole, this edition of KIU Journal of Humanities features many interesting, educative and informative articles which can contribute immensely to the existing knowledge on each topic.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Educational Psychology, Reading Skills and Creative Writing.

The first part of the Journal focuses attention on Development Administration. It is universally accepted that Development Administration is the administration of development programs, to the methods used by large-scale organisations, notably governments, to implement policies and plans designed to meet their developmental objectives. It is administering, organizing public agencies such as to stimulate, facilitate defined programs of social, economic progress with a purpose to make change attractive and possible. Papers in this section deal with issues in development administration such as Adult Literacy Programme, Rural development, Foreign Aid, Development Communication and so on. It was argued in one of the papers that prison inmate in the experimental group performed better in cake baking and event decoration than inmate in the control group. The researcher therefore, recommends that teachers should use more of Adult literacy program in the prison on cake making and event decoration should be encouraged which will help equip the inmates face the economic challenges of the society and be self-employed

Articles in the second part of this edition center on Educational Psychology. Educational Psychology studies various factors which have impacts upon students, which may include home environment, social groupings, peer groups, his / her emotional sentiments, and mental hygiene etc.  Various methods are used in order to get the desired data about the learner in order to know about him or her mentality and behavior and its manifestations. Against this backdrop, section two looks at how some psychological factors such as resilence, distress, leadership behavior, home violence, and so on, affect students’ performance in education.

Section Three x-rays the importance of reading skills. It is widely believed that reading skills are important to students’ success in schools as they will allow them to access the breadth of the curriculum and improve their communication and language skills. In addition, reading can be a fun and imaginative time for students, which opens doors to all kinds of new worlds for them. 

Based on the its findings, one the papers in this section suggests among others that Knowledge of the reading skills that pupils have mastered is important so that teachers in early childhood classrooms can target instruction for those particular skills that are still weak.

Papers in the last section of this edition center on Creative writing. This borne out of the fact that Creative Writing is not only a means to help students unleash their creative side and feel more comfortable when writing in and about everyday life, but has also been proven to improve language learning. While the first paper in this section argues that Pre-theoretic intuition quiz and Puzzle-based learning strategies improved students’ practices towards sustainable environmental development, the second posits that the inculcation of moral character and creative thinking in the younger one, most especially at the primary and secondary levels is the only way the Pulpils/students of both the Primary and Secondary may be useful for themselves and the society in which they meet themselves for national development

Above all, this edition of KIU Journal of Humanities features many thought provoking articles.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Media Studies, Language and Literary Studies, Educational Psychology, Educational Technology and Entrepreneurship Education.

The first part of the Journal focuses attention on Media Studies. It is universally accepted that media can be used to influence the audience, persuade and can be used in many aspects of everyday life and this is why it is important to study the media as a whole. Media as a subject helps us understand the world in many different ways which is critical to understanding how society and the way the world works. While the first paper in the section discusses the role of the media in anti-corruption war in Nigeria while the second paper explores the role of the media in ending Fulani herdsmen and farmers conflicts in Nigeria

Articles in the second part of this edition center on Language and Literary Studies. The study of literature allows people to develop new ideas and ethical standpoints, and can help individuals to present themselves as educated members of society. Today, Literature in second language classes has a very important linguistic input for students and it is a valuable source for learners’ motivation. Traditionally, the role of Literature was not taken into consideration in English Language Teaching programs due to the importance given only to functional language. Today, Literature in second language classes has a very important linguistic input for students and it is a valuable source for learners’ motivation. Usually, students who study only English Language emphasizing on reading and writing skills, sometimes fail to see the point of studying English literature, especially if they have no plans to study English or Translation at University. But English Literature can introduce students to a range of aspects, not only of the English Language but also of the English culture. Teachers are the basic pillars to reach students through literature trying to attract them to this field that can be interesting to everyone. Teachers should think about everything that they are going to do without falling in boredom and keep their students interested in the topic. Also we, as teachers, consider that we are the ones who must make students get closer to Literature so that they can realise that it is not as abstract as they think, trying to avoid their frustration. Also it is useful to have literary texts and their analysis easier made for students.

Educational Psychology studies various factors which have impacts upon students, which may include home environment, social groupings, peer groups, his / her emotional sentiments, and mental hygiene etc.  Various methods are used in order to get the desired data about the learner in order to know about him or her mentality and behavior and its manifestations. Against this backdrop, section three looks at how some factors such as drug abuse, early marriage, government policies and physical disability affect students’ performance in education.

Today, more than ever, the role of educational technology in teaching is of great importance because of the use of information and communication technologies. With the help of various applications for distance education, the Internet, teachers, and students themselves, they see the advantage of educational technology. This is why a few papers in this issue highlight ideas on how students can acquire teaching and learning skills through the use of modern technologies. Based on the its findings, one the papers in this section recommends among others that Curriculum planners should incorporate concept mapping in the curriculum and Teachers should be train and re-trained on how to effectively use the concept mapping method in the teaching of genetics and biology in general.

Entrepreneurship Education aids students from all socioeconomic backgrounds to think outside the box and nurture unconventional talents and skills. It creates opportunities, ensures social justice, instills confidence and stimulates the economy. This is why all the papers in the last section of this issue address different issues in Entrepreneuship Studies such as Value Added Tool for Food Production and Learning for Full Employment.

Above all, this edition of KIU Journal of Humanities features many thought provoking articles. We hope that these educative and informative articles will contribute immensely to the existing knowledge on each topic.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Human Rights, Religious Studies, Language and Literary Studies, Development Administration, Media / Language Studies, Entrepreneurship Studies, Educational Management and Educational Technology.

The first part of the Journal focuses attention on Development Administration. It is universally accepted that administration needs to constantly interact with environment in order to achieve development goals. Therefore Development Administration involves strengthening and improving administrative capabilities as a mean for achieving development goals. Administration of Development' having a key role in implementing the development programmes, projects and policies. It is against this backdrop that one of the papers in this part evaluates Girl Child Education and Sustainable National Development through Research and Innovation. It is suggested that through seminars and workshops at the grass- root, parents should be encouraged to send their daughters to school and inform them of the dangers of early marriages and the benefits that will accrue to the family and the nation as a whole when these girls are educated.

Articles in the second part of this edition center on Language and Media Studies. It is impossible for any nation of the world to attain any form of development when its people are not properly developed. This is because nations are built or developed through knowledge; and all forms of knowledge are transmitted through language. In other words, language mediates mental access to phenomena and, therefore, what we perceive is phenomena in the form in which language mediated our perception. The fact of the mediations of mental access to phenomena by language makes knowledge communicable. While language mediates between object and perception, literature is an embodiment of object, language and perception. The impact os some Community based radio stations and two Nigerian National Dalies are highlighted in the Section.

Entrepreneurship Education aids students from all socioeconomic backgrounds to think outside the box and nurture unconventional talents and skills. It creates opportunities, ensures social justice, instills confidence and stimulates the economy. This is why all the papers in part three address different issues in Entrepreneuship Studies such as Value Added Agricultural Output and Macroeconomics Dymics as well as Curriculum Development and Entrepreneurship Education in Higher Education for Self Reliance and National Development.

It has been discovered that Educational Management is both a field of academic study and a collective group of professionals that includes principals, teachers and other education professionals. It is through it that we learn about educational policies, motivation and retention strategies in our educational system.  One of the papers in the section that focuses on educational management revealed that income generated from tuition, income generated from Revenue Yielding Projects, Loan from Bank, and Income generated from Donation have significance relationship with Administrative Effectiveness. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that Private universities should tackle funding challenges by establishing more revenue yielding ventures instead of depending on the income generated from the tuition fees. 

Today, more than ever, the role of educational technology in teaching is of great importance because of the use of information and communication technologies. With the help of various applications for distance education, the Internet, teachers, and students themselves, they see the advantage of educational technology. This is why a few papers in this issue highlight ideas on how students can acquire teaching and learning skills through the use of modern technologies. Based on the its findings, one the papers in this section recommends among others that Curriculum planners should incorporate concept mapping in the curriculum and Teachers should be train and re-trained on how to effectively use the concept mapping method in the teaching of genetics and biology in general.

Above all, this edition of KIU Journal of Humanities features many thought provoking articles. We hope that these educative and informative articles will contribute immensely to the existing knowledge on each topic.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Human Rights, Religious Studies, Language and Literary Studies, Development Administration, Educational Psychology and Educational Technology.

The first part of the Journal focuses attention on Human Rights. It is universally accepted that education is considered as a precondition for a healthy democratic society. Therefore it is thus important that Human rights education should include peace, democracy, development and social justice, as set forth in international and regional human rights instruments, in order to achieve common understanding and awareness with a view to strengthening universal commitment to human rights. It is against this backdrop that one of the papers in this part evaluates the implementation of UNESCO Rights Based Early Childhood Education programme in selected Anglophones West African Countries.

Religious Education is an essential component of a broad and balanced education. It enables people to consider and respond to a range of important questions related to their own spiritual development, the development of values and attitudes and fundamental questions concerning the meaning and purpose of life. This is why all the papers in part three address different religious issues such as pastoral authority, sacrifices, sexuality and peaceful co-existence.

Articles in the third part of this edition center on Language and Literary Studies. It is impossible for any nation of the world to attain any form of development when its people are not properly developed. This is because nations are built or developed through knowledge; and all forms of knowledge are transmitted through language. In other words, language mediates mental access to phenomena and, therefore, what we perceive is phenomena in the form in which language mediated our perception. The fact of the mediations of mental access to phenomena by language makes knowledge communicable. While language mediates between object and perception, literature is an embodiment of object, language and perception. The works of some African writers were x-rayed in this section to show the uniqueness of African Literature.

It has been discovered that Educational Psychology studies various factors which have impacts upon students, which may include family background, social groupings, peer groups, his / her emotional sentiments, and mental hygiene etc.  One of the papers in the section that focuses on educational psychology revealed that Secondary school teachers with more years of teaching experience produce students with high academic performance than their counterpart who have less experience in teaching. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that qualified and experienced teachers should be employed in the teaching profession and they should be provided with more incentives and better promotional prospects.

Educational Technology has absolutely revolutionized the entire education system. Until recently, the teachers used to be the sole interpreter of knowledge to the learners and the textbooks the sole resource. Educational technology has affected the conventional roles and it has opened up the new areas of teacher functions such as management of resources and management of learning. Today, teachers have a range of media to assist and supplement the instructional work. Teachers can even specify the learning intentions, select the topic, identify the stimulus situation, determine media, manage teaching and finally conduct evaluation and modify the instructions in the light of evaluation results. Educational process cannot proceed systematically without the help of educational technology. Every aspect of educational system is fully enlightened with educational technology. This is why a few papers in this issue highlight ideas on how students can acquire teaching and learning skills through the use of modern technologies. Based on the their findings, the papers in this section recommend among others that science and technology education should be given greater emphasis in real life situation in the Nigerian socio-economic milieu.

Above all, this edition of KIU Journal of Humanities features educative and informative articles. We hope that these thought provoking articles will contribute immensely to the existing knowledge on each topic.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Language and Literary Studies, Development Studies, Religious Studies, Educational Psychology, Social Psychology, Educational Technology, Entrepreneurship Studies and Legal Studies.

The first part of the Journal focuses attention on Language and Literary Studies. It is impossible for any nation of the world to attain any form of development when its people are not properly developed. This is because nations are built or developed through knowledge; and all forms of knowledge are transmitted through language. In other words, language mediates mental access to phenomena and, therefore, what we perceive is phenomena in the form in which language mediated our perception. The fact of the mediations of mental access to phenomena by language makes knowledge communicable. While language mediates between object and perception, literature is an embodiment of object, language and perception. It is against this backdrop that one of the papers in this part established that there is a wide gap between teaching and research and the development of African languages and suggests research and teaching strategies that may help in redressing it.

In part two, the importance of Development Studies is emphasized. It was established that poverty level is still high among the respondents despite the high experience of the respondents in their various occupations. This may be caused due to their low level of education. Therefore, it was recommended that government policies should improve the level of education among household to increase profitability and productivity.

Religious Education is an essential component of a broad and balanced education. It enables people to consider and respond to a range of important questions related to their own spiritual development, the development of values and attitudes and fundamental questions concerning the meaning and purpose of life. This is why all the papers in part three address different religious issues such as pastoral authority, sacrifices, sexuality and peaceful co-existence.

It has been observed that the administration of justice, in all countries and at all times is a subject broad and difficult, both in its operation and its influence. It is perhaps more indicative, a truer test, of the real temper and spirit, both of the government and the people of the state or country, than any other thing. This is why the papers in part three of this edition examine the role of the judiciary as the guardian or protector and the fundamental human rights of the citizens.

It has been discovered that Educational Psychology studies various factors which have impacts upon students, which may include family background, social groupings, peer groups, his / her emotional sentiments, and mental hygiene etc.  One of the papers in the section that focuses on educational psychology revealed that there was no significant difference in the influence of family background on the academic performance of Senior Secondary School Students as expressed by Teachers in Ilorin Metropolis on the basis of gender and teachers’ qualification. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that parents should provide for the basic needs of their children in order to help them show positive interest in study, school authorities should create an enabling environment for the students by providing required educational needs in order to make academic stimulating to them, teachers should interact with parents of the students to discuss the importance of providing adequate care they need for their total growth and development, and school counsellors should encourage the parents to relate and create interest in their children studies so that they can improve on their academic performance.

Educational Technology has absolutely revolutionized the entire education system. Until recently, the teachers used to be the sole interpreter of knowledge to the learners and the textbooks the sole resource. Educational technology has affected the conventional roles and it has opened up the new areas of teacher functions such as management of resources and management of learning. Today, teachers have a range of media to assist and supplement the instructional work. Teachers can even specify the learning intentions, select the topic, identify the stimulus situation, determine media, manage teaching and finally conduct evaluation and modify the instructions in the light of evaluation results. Educational process cannot proceed systematically without the help of educational technology. Every aspect of educational system is fully enlightened with educational technology. This is why a few papers in this issue highlight ideas on how students can acquire teaching and learning skills through the use of modern technologies. Based on the their findings, the papers in this section recommend among others that science and technology education should be given greater emphasis in real life situation in the Nigerian socio-economic milieu.

Above all, this edition of KIU Journal of Humanities features educative and informative articles. We hope that these thought provoking articles will contribute immensely to the existing knowledge on each topic.

This issue of KIU Journal of Humanities touches on Development Administration, Civic and Political Education, Educational Administration, Judicial Administration, Social Psychology, Educational Psychology, Educational Administration, Educational Technology and Media Studies.

The first part of the Journal addresses issues in Development Administration such as Sustainable Development, Fund Management, Political Economy and Foreign Direct Investments’ Framework. It is argued in one of the papers that if the quality of Almajirai and Nomadic Education Programmes is to be enhanced, then there is need for a serious commitment on the part of the government to coordinate all aspects of this education. Formal and informal stakeholders need to be involved at every stage to ensure successful value education. Government alone must not be left to the running of these model schools, all the stakeholders must be involved so as to see the end of violence in our society and equal quality education for all for sustainable all – round development in Nigeria.

In part two, the importance of Civil and Political Education is emphasized. It is suggested that Civic education should be-a prime concern. There is no more important task than the development of an informed, effective, and responsible citizenry. This is because it is widely believed that democracies are sustained by citizens who have the requisite knowledge, skills, and dispositions. Absent a reasoned commitment on the part of its citizens to the fundamental values and principles of democracy, a free and open society cannot succeed. It is imperative therefore, that educators, policymakers, and members of civil society make the case and ask for the support of civic education from all segments of society and from the widest range of institutions and governments.

It has been observed that the administration of justice, in all countries and at all times is a subject broad and difficult, both in its operation and its influence. It is perhaps more indicative, a truer test, of the real temper and spirit, both of the government and the people of the state or country, than any other thing. This is why the papers in part three of this edition examine the role of the judiciary as the guardian or protector and the fundamental human rights of the citizens.

It has been discovered that Educational Psychology studies various factors which have impacts upon students, which may include home environment, social groupings, peer groups, his / her emotional sentiments, and mental hygiene etc.  Various methods are used in order to get the desired data about the learner in order to know about him or her mentality and behavior and its manifestations. Teacher is like a philosopher who guides his student. He is responsible to be aware about growth and development of the students. It is educational psychology which enables the teacher to use various techniques. This is the argument of one the papers in the sections that focus on social psychology, educational psychology and educational administration.

A few papers in this issue highlight ideas on how students can acquire teaching and learning skills through the use of modern technologies. Based on the their findings, the papers in this section recommend among others that teachers should teach using video based instruction so as to encourage individualized learning. Also, the construction of ‘Integrated Classrooms’ that can house almost all teaching activities under one big roof is recommended.

On the whole, this edition of KIU Journal of Humanities features many thought provoking articles. Some of these articles are empirical in nature while others have theoretical base. Each of them focuses on one specific social and management problem or the other; trying to proffer solutions to them. Readers are therefore advised to make proper use of the ideas presented by the various authors.

Professor Oyetola O. Oniwide

College of Humanities and Social Sciences,

Kampala International University,

P.O. Box 20000,

Kampala, Uganda.

 editor.humanities@kiu.ac.ug

 March, 2018.